Heraklion

Heraklion Archaeological Museum: 15 Minoan Works Not to Miss

Fifteen Minoan masterpieces to find in Heraklion's museum, from the Phaistos Disc to the Knossos frescoes, and how to visit.

Bull-Leaping Fresco bull and acrobat detail
Bull-Leaping Fresco from Knossos, detail of the bull and the leaper. The restored original is in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum.Photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The short answer

This is the museum of the Minoans, and nothing else in the world comes close for Bronze Age Crete. If you go to Knossos, come here too: the palace has the ruins, the museum has the art. The fifteen works below follow the official route, gallery by gallery, from the ground-floor Minoan rooms to the frescoes upstairs. Allow two to two and a half hours and book a time slot.

Is it worth it?

Yes, and more than Knossos itself if you have to choose. The frescoes you see on the palace walls are copies; the originals, along with the gold, the stone vessels and the scripts of the Minoan civilisation, are here. The museum’s own route starts on the ground floor with the Minoan collection (Galleries II to XII), climbs to the fresco gallery on the first floor (Gallery XIII), then continues into later Greek and Roman Crete.

Ground floor: the Minoan collection

1. The gold bee pendant from Malia (Gallery II)

Two bees face each other, joined at head and stinger, holding what is probably a honeycomb, with a drop of honey at their mouths. It dates to around 1800 BCE and comes from the cemetery of Chrysolakkos; look for the tiny cage with a loose bead above their heads.

Gold bee pendant from Malia close view
Close view of the gold bee pendant from Malia at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, showing the paired insects, tiny cage and hanging discs.Photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

2. Kamares Ware from Phaistos (Gallery III)

The banquet vessels of the first palaces, 1900-1700 BCE, among them the “Royal Dinner Service” from Phaistos, in Kamares Ware, one of the most decorative styles in the history of pottery. They were made in the palace workshops for the banquets of the ruling class.

3. The Town Mosaic (Gallery IV)

Small faience plaques from Knossos showing the façades of houses two and three storeys high. They are the nearest thing to a picture of a Minoan town, although no one knows where they were set or what they decorated.

4. The “Draughtboard” (Gallery IV)

In the same gallery, a royal gaming board from Knossos in ivory plated with gold leaf, rock crystal, blue glass paste and silver foil. Its luxury tells you more about the palace elite than any wall.

5. The Phaistos Disc (Gallery V)

A clay disc found at Phaistos in 1908, stamped on both sides with 241 signs in a spiral, made with small seals pressed into the wet clay. Nobody has read it. Pairs well with the guide to Linear A and Linear B, the other Aegean scripts.

Phaistos Disc one inscribed face
One face of the original Phaistos Disc at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Stamped signs run in a spiral across the clay surface.Photo: Joyofmuseums, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

6. The Bull-Leaping Fresco (Gallery VI)

Unlike most of the frescoes, this one is downstairs. It is the best preserved of at least four paintings of the same subject from the east wing of Knossos: young athletes, men painted red and women white, vault over a charging bull. The guide to Minoan bull-leaping weighs whether it was sport, ritual or show.

7. The Harvester Vase (Gallery VII)

From the royal villa at Hagia Triada, around 1500-1450 BCE: a procession of men carved in low relief on black steatite, carrying farm tools and singing to the beat of a sistrum, a rattle inspired by Egyptian instruments.

Harvester Vase with reconstructed lower body
The Harvester Vase from Hagia Triada, Heraklion Archaeological Museum. The ancient carved upper section sits above a reconstructed lower body.Photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Harvester Vase detail of the procession
Detail of the Harvester Vase from Hagia Triada: men carrying agricultural tools join a procession carved in low relief on steatite. Heraklion Archaeological Museum.Photo: ArchaiOptix, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

8. The Snake Goddesses (Gallery VIII)

Two faience statuettes from the “Temple Repositories” of Knossos, 1600-1500 BCE, holding snakes in their hands. They belonged to the cult rooms in the west wing of the palace and remain the best-known images of Minoan religion.

Complete Snake Goddess figurine
One of the restored faience Snake Goddess figurines from Knossos, Heraklion Archaeological Museum. The photograph shows the complete statuette, with raised arms and snakes.Photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

9. The bull’s-head rhyton (Gallery VIII)

A ritual vessel in the shape of a bull’s head, from the Little Palace at Knossos. Only the left side, in black steatite, is original; the horns, probably of gilded wood, were never found. Look at the inlaid eyes and the curls carved on the brow.

Stone bull head rhyton from Knossos
Steatite bull’s-head rhyton from the Little Palace at Knossos, Heraklion Archaeological Museum. The restored ritual vessel has inlaid eyes and modern replacement horns.Photo: Jebulon Références/references:ici/here, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

10. The rock crystal rhyton from Zakros (Gallery VIII)

A libation vessel carved from a large block of rock crystal, found smashed into hundreds of pieces and reassembled by the museum’s conservators. It comes from the central sanctuary of the palace of Zakros.

11. The “Ring of Minos” (Gallery VIII)

A large gold signet ring engraved with a cult scene, found in 1928 near Knossos. For years scholars doubted it was genuine; similar finds have since supported it. Small, but one of the most debated objects in the museum.

12. A Linear B tablet (Gallery IX)

A clay page from the archive of the palace of Knossos, 1375-1300 BCE, written in Linear B, the script that Michael Ventris, working with John Chadwick, showed in 1953 to be an early form of Greek.

13. The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus (Gallery XII)

A stone chest coated in plaster and painted in the fresco technique, around 1370-1320 BCE, standing free in the gallery of the larnakes, “the world of the dead”. On one long side the dead man stands before his tomb receiving offerings while priestesses pour libations; on the other, a bull is sacrificed to music; on the short ends, figures ride chariots drawn by wild goats and griffins, perhaps on the last journey. It links the great fresco painting of the palaces with the painted clay coffins of later Crete.

Painted sarcophagus of Hagia Triada
One long side of the painted limestone sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Its restored painted frieze depicts ritual actions and offerings.Photo: Jebulon, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

14. The Prince of the Lilies

A life-size young man in painted plaster relief, wearing a crown of lilies and peacock feathers. Arthur Evans called him the “Priest-King”; other scholars have since put the fragments together differently. Read the label: what you see is partly reconstruction.

15. The Cup-Bearer

A life-size youth carrying a vessel, part of the procession that lined the corridor from the west entrance of the palace. With the Prince, it shows how the Minoans painted the male figure. The guide to Minoan frescoes explains the technique. In the same gallery, look for the Blue Bird Fresco.

Prince of the Lilies painted plaster relief
The Prince of the Lilies from Knossos, restored painted plaster relief, Heraklion Archaeological Museum. The surviving fragments are combined with modern reconstruction.Photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

What can you skip?

If time is short, skip the rooms of the Historic period upstairs and the sculpture galleries on the ground floor: they are good, but you came for the Minoans. Skip queues by booking a time slot. And do not use the museum only as a rainy-day plan: it is the main event.

How long do you need?

Two hours for the fifteen works, two and a half with the other frescoes in Gallery XIII. With an hour, keep 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 14. For the palace itself, see Knossos; for a day plan, what to see in Heraklion.

The Heraklion Archaeological Museum in brief

Ticket
€20; reduced €12 from November to March
Booking
Timed ticket, valid only for the day and slot chosen; at the box office (card only) or online
Hours
Summer (to 31 October 2026): daily 8:00-20:00, Wednesday 13:00-20:00. Winter: daily 8:30-15:30, Wednesday 10:00-17:00. Entry up to 20 minutes before closing
Free
6 March, 18 April, 18 May, last weekend of September, 28 October; first and third Sunday of the month from November to March
Time
2-2.5 hours
Note
The combined ticket with Knossos is no longer valid. Entrance at Xanthoudidou 2
Verified
October 2026, on the official sites. Prices and hours change: check before you go.

Questions

Is there a combined ticket for Knossos and the museum?

No longer: the combined ticket is not valid. Each site has its own €20 ticket.

Where is the Phaistos Disc?

In Gallery V, in the Minoan collection on the ground floor of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum.

Museum or Knossos first?

Either works. Knossos first gives you the setting; the museum first gives you the images. On Wednesdays, when the museum opens later, do Knossos in the morning.

Are the Knossos frescoes in the museum?

Yes. Most of the originals are on the first floor of the museum, in Gallery XIII, and the Bull-Leaping Fresco is downstairs in Gallery VI; the paintings on the walls at Knossos are copies.

Sources

  • Heraklion Archaeological Museum, “Tickets / Opening hours” and “The Exhibition” (October 2026).
  • Heraklion Archaeological Museum, exhibit pages for the fifteen works listed.
  • Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Odysseus portal: Heraklion Archaeological Museum, information page.