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Aswan

Is Abu Simbel Worth a Day Trip From Aswan? An Honest Verdict

Is Abu Simbel worth the early start from Aswan? The temples, road or plane, the ticket and the sun festival.Day trip4 min read
Berlin

Pergamon Museum Closure: What to See in Berlin Instead

The Pergamon Museum is closed: when it reopens, when the Ishtar Gate returns, and what to see in Berlin meanwhile.Museum4 min read
Berlin

Berlin’s Art Museums: Which Are Worth Your Time Right Now?

Berlin's museums while the Pergamon is closed: what is worth your time on Museum Island and at the Kulturforum.City guide4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Colosseum Inside: Seats, Corridors, Lifts

Seats by rank, 76 numbered arches and 28 lifts below the arena: how the inside of the Colosseum worked.4 min read
Ancient Rome

What Was the Purpose of the Colosseum?

Games, gifts and a seating plan of Roman society: what the Colosseum was for, from 80 CE to 438.3 min read
Ancient Rome

When Was the Colosseum Built? Between 70 and 82 CE

Begun under Vespasian around 70-72 CE, opened by Titus in 80: the Colosseum's dates and why they matter.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Forum: What It Was, Building by Building

A drained marsh that became Rome's political centre for a thousand years: what the Roman Forum was, building by building.4 min read
Ancient Rome

How Were Rome’s Sewers Built? The Cloaca Maxima

Rome's great sewer began as a drain for a marsh and still works: how the Cloaca Maxima was built.3 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman City Planning: Was Every Town a Grid? No

Cardo, decumanus and a forum in the middle: how Romans planned towns like Timgad, and why Rome itself never fitted.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Amphitheatre: How Rome Built for Crowds

From Pompeii's 70 BCE arena to the Colosseum: how the Roman amphitheatre was built to seat, sort and move crowds.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Temple: How It Differs from a Greek Temple

High podium, front staircase, columns attached to the walls: how a Roman temple differs from a Greek one.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Brickwork: A Brick Skin on a Concrete Wall

Most Roman "brick walls" are concrete with a brick skin. How opus testaceum worked, and where to see it.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Bridges: How They Were Built and Why They Last

Cofferdams, wedge-shaped stones and two thousand years of floods: how Roman bridges were built, and which still stand.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Segovia Aqueduct: How 167 Arches Stand Without Mortar

167 granite arches, no mortar, and a date that keeps moving: what is known about Segovia's Roman aqueduct.3 min read
Ancient Rome

Pont du Gard: Why Build It So High?

Nearly 49 metres high for water that fell 25 centimetres a kilometre: why the Pont du Gard exists.3 min read
Ancient Rome

Aqua Claudia: The Aqueduct Two Emperors Built

Begun by Caligula, finished by Claudius: the aqueduct whose arches still cross Rome's Parco degli Acquedotti.3 min read
Ancient Rome

How Did Roman Aqueducts Work? Mostly Underground

Nearly all of Rome's first aqueduct ran underground. How Roman aqueducts carried water by gravity, and why arches were rare.4 min read
Ancient Rome

How Were Roman Roads Built, and Why Did They Last?

Embankments, camber and ditches, not a four-layer recipe: how Roman roads were really built, from the Via Appia on.5 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Dome: How the Pantheon Stays Up

A 43-metre concrete dome with a hole in the top: how the Pantheon was built and why it stands.4 min read
Ancient Rome

Does the Keystone Hold Up the Arch? Not on Its Own

The keystone is the last stone set, not the one that holds everything. What actually keeps an arch up.3 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Arch: How It Works, and Did Rome Invent It?

Wedge-shaped stones, sideways thrust and strong piers: how the Roman arch works, and who built arches first.5 min read
Ancient Rome

Why Has Roman Concrete Lasted 2,000 Years?

Volcanic ash, quicklime and seawater: the chemistry behind Roman concrete, and what labs have found since 2017.5 min read
Ancient Rome

Roman Architecture: What Made It Different?

Concrete, arches and a whole range of building types: what set Roman architecture apart from the Greek temple.5 min read
Etruscans

Etruscan Funerary Art: Why Tombs Looked Like Homes

Painted walls, portrait lids, stucco objects and alabaster urns: what Etruscan families made for their dead, and why.4 min read